Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium).

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a perennial herb that is known for its daisy-like flowers and its traditional use in herbal medicine to treat fevers and migraines. It's relatively easy to grow from seeds and can be a beautiful addition to your garden. Here's how to sow feverfew seeds:

1. **Timing**: The best time to sow feverfew seeds is in early Spring after the last frost or in the late summer for an Autumn crop. However, you can start them indoors about 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date.

2. **Prepare the Seeds**: Before planting, it's a good idea to stratify the seeds. This involves placing them in a moist paper towel or seed-starting medium and keeping them in the refrigerator for about 2 weeks. This mimics winter conditions and can help improve germination rates.

3. **Prepare the Soil**: Choose a location with full sun and well-draining soil. Feverfew prefers a soil pH between 6.0 and 6.7, so if your soil is very acidic or alkaline, you may need to amend it accordingly. Work some organic matter into the soil to improve its structure and fertility.

4. **Sowing Seeds Outdoors**: If you're planting outdoors, make sure the soil has warmed up to at least 60°F (15°C). Scatter the seeds thinly over the prepared soil and press them lightly into the soil. Do not cover them with soil, as they need light to germinate.

5. **Sowing Seeds Indoors**: If starting indoors, fill seed trays or individual pots with a seed-starting mix and place the seeds on the surface. Lightly sprinkle a small amount of soil or vermiculite over the seeds and gently press down. Water well but avoid making the soil soggy.

6. **Germination**: Keep the soil consistently moist and warm. Germination typically takes 10-20 days. Place the seeds in a warm, sunny spot or under grow lights to speed up the process.

7. **Thinning and Transplanting**: Once the seedlings have at least two sets of true leaves, thin them out to about 12 inches (30 cm) apart. If you started them indoors, transplant them into the garden when they are about 2-3 inches (5-7 cm) tall and after the last frost date.

8. **Care**: Water regularly but do not overwater. Feverfew prefers moderate moisture. Once established, it can be somewhat drought-tolerant. Pinch back the first few sets of leaves to encourage bushier growth and more flowers.

9. **Flowering**: Feverfew will start to bloom in early summer and continue through the fall if deadheaded regularly. The flowers are usually white with a yellow center and have a pleasant scent.

10. **Propagation**: Feverfew can also be propagated by division in the Spring or by collecting and planting root cuttings in the Autumn.

Remember to keep the soil weed-free and provide some support for the plants if they become top-heavy with flowers. Feverfew can self-sow freely, so you may find it coming back year after year without much effort. Enjoy the beauty and potential health benefits of feverfew in your garden!

Further information on history and use.

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a perennial herb that has a long and intriguing history of use in traditional and folk medicine. Its origins can be traced back to ancient civilizations for various purposes, primarily for treating fevers, headaches, and other ailments. Here's a brief overview of the history of feverfew:

1. Ancient Greece: Feverfew is native to the Balkan Peninsula, and its use as a medicinal herb dates back to ancient Greek times. It was described by Greek physicians such as Hippocrates and Pliny the Elder for its ability to reduce fevers and treat headaches, toothaches, and menstrual cramps. The name "feverfew" is derived from the Latin word "febrifugia," meaning "fever reducer."

2. Roman Empire: The Romans also used feverfew for its medicinal properties. They introduced the herb to other parts of Europe and valued it for its ability to treat a variety of conditions, including fevers, inflammation, and digestive issues.

3. Middle Ages: During the Middle Ages, feverfew was commonly used to treat "agues" (intermittent fevers) and was known as "febrifuge" in England. It was also used as a remedy for headaches, particularly those associated with migraines, and was often worn as an amulet to ward off illness.

4. 16th and 17th Centuries: In England, feverfew was recognized for its efficacy in treating fevers and headaches. The herb was widely cultivated in gardens for both medicinal and ornamental purposes. The physician John Gerard, in his book "Herball" (1597), noted that it could be used to "ease the pain and swelling in the head."

5. 18th and 19th Centuries: The use of feverfew continued to be documented in herbal medicine. It was included in the U.S. Pharmacopeia from 1820 to 1900 as a treatment for fevers, headaches, and other ailments. It was also used to reduce inflammation, treat colds, and aid in digestion.

6. Modern Research: In the late 20th century, feverfew gained scientific interest, particularly for its potential in managing migraines. Researchers began to study the herb's active components, such as parthenolide, which is thought to be responsible for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. Studies have shown mixed results, with some indicating that feverfew may help prevent migraines, while others suggesting it has little effect.

7. Present Day: Today, feverfew is often used as a dietary supplement for migraine prevention and relief. It is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and teas. However, it is important to note that its effectiveness is not universally accepted by the medical community, and it may interact with certain medications. As with any herbal supplement, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before use.

Feverfew's history is a testament to the enduring interest in natural remedies and the evolving nature of medical knowledge. While its efficacy for some conditions is supported by anecdotal evidence and traditional use, ongoing scientific research is necessary to fully understand its potential health benefits and risks.

Do not take internally or use for medicinal purpose without expert medical advice.