Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium).

Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) is a perennial herb known for its distinctive aroma and silvery-green foliage. It is commonly used in the production of absinthe, a strong alcoholic beverage. To sow wormwood seeds, follow these steps:

1. **Choose the Right Time**: Wormwood seeds are best sown in the spring or early summer when the soil temperature is between 55°F to 70°F (13°C to 21°C).

2. **Prepare the Seeds**: Before sowing, wormwood seeds can benefit from a period of stratification to mimic winter conditions. Place the seeds in a plastic bag filled with moistened peat moss or sand, and store them in the refrigerator for 4-6 weeks.

3. **Prepare the Soil**: Wormwood prefers well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 8.0. It can grow in poor to average soil conditions and tolerates dryness once established. Clear the planting area of weeds and debris, and lightly work the soil to a fine texture.

4. **Sowing Depth and Spacing**: Sow the seeds 1/4 to 1/2 inch (0.5 to 1 cm) deep, with a spacing of 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm) apart.

5. **Sowing Method**:
- In a seed tray or pot, fill the container with a good quality seed compost.
- Press the seeds gently into the soil, ensuring good contact with the soil surface.
- Water the seeds thoroughly and keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
- Place the tray or pot in a sunny spot or under artificial lights if you are starting them indoors.

6. **Germination**: Wormwood seeds typically take 14 to 21 days to germinate. Keep the soil temperature consistent and provide bright, indirect light.

7. **Transplanting**: Once the seedlings have two sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or their permanent location outdoors. Acclimatize them to outdoor conditions for a week before moving them permanently.

8. **Outdoor Planting**:
- Choose a spot with full sun or partial shade.
- Space the seedlings 2 to 3 feet (60 to 90 cm) apart to allow for mature growth.
- Plant the seedlings in the prepared soil, taking care not to disturb the roots too much.
- Water them well after planting and ensure they receive at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week.

9. **Care and Maintenance**:
- Water regularly but avoid over-watering, as wormwood prefers slightly dry conditions.
- Keep weeds at bay around the young plants.
- Apply a balanced fertilizer once a year in the spring if needed, but wormwood generally does not require much feeding.
- Pinch back the tips of the plants to encourage bushier growth.

10. **Hardening Off**: If you have started the seeds indoors, gradually introduce the young plants to outdoor conditions over the course of a week before transplanting them permanently.

11. **Harvesting**: Wormwood is usually ready for harvest in the first year after planting. The best time to harvest is just before the plant starts to bloom, typically in late spring or early summer. Cut back the foliage to encourage a second growth for a fall harvest if desired.

Remember, wormwood can be invasive in some areas due to its ability to spread through underground rhizomes. It may be wise to contain it in a large pot or a controlled garden bed to prevent it from taking over other parts of your garden.

Further historical information.

Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) is a perennial herb native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It has a long history of use in traditional medicine for various ailments, particularly those related to the digestive system. The plant's leaves and flowering tops are used to make medicine, and it's most commonly recognized for its use in the production of absinthe, a strong alcoholic beverage.

Wormwood tea is traditionally used for:

- Digestive issues: It may help stimulate appetite, treat upset stomach, and aid in digestion.
- Parasitic infections: Wormwood has been used to expel intestinal worms and parasites.
- Fever reduction: It has been used as a diaphoretic to reduce fever and promote sweating.
- Nerve pain and muscle spasms: Some people use it to treat restlessness and pain in the muscles and nerves.
- Menstrual cramps: Wormwood may help in relieving menstrual cramps and pain.

Please note:
- Wormwood tea should not be consumed in large quantities or for extended periods, as it contains thujone, a compound that can be toxic in high doses and may cause side effects such as seizures, vomiting, and hallucinations.
- Pregnant or nursing women, as well as those with epilepsy, liver or kidney disease, or allergies to other members of the Asteraceae family (like ragweed and chamomile), should avoid consuming wormwood.
- Always consult with a healthcare professional before using herbal remedies to treat health conditions.

Do not use for medicinal purpose without expert medical advice.