Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium).

Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is a mint herb native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations. Its strong scent was revered by the Romans for its religious ceremonies and natural pest control. Pennyroyal was also used to treat ailments like headaches, colds, and digestive issues. In the Middle Ages, it was used to ward off fleas and pests. In the Elizabethan era, it was believed to prevent the spread of the bubonic plague. In the New World, it was used by Native Americans for medicinal purposes and flavoring food and beverages. Pennyroyal is a perennial herb that thrives in moist, well-drained soil and partial to full sun. It can be grown in various climates but prefers cooler temperatures. It is generally pest- and disease-resistant but can be susceptible to mint rust and spider mites. In modern times, pennyroyal is mainly cultivated for its essential oil, used in small quantities as a natural pest repellent and in commercial products like soaps and cosmetics.

Pennyroyal is a perennial herb that thrives in moist, well-drained soil and partial to full sun. It can be grown in various climates but prefers cooler temperatures and may not do as well in very hot regions. Here are some basic steps for cultivating pennyroyal:

1. Planting: Sow pennyroyal seeds in early spring, either directly in the ground or in containers. The seeds should be planted at a depth of about 1/8 inch (0.3 cm) and spaced approximately 12 inches (30 cm) apart. Pennyroyal can also be propagated through division of established plants or from cuttings taken in the spring or summer.
2. Soil preparation: The soil should be well-prepared before planting by mixing in compost or organic matter to improve its drainage and fertility. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH.
3. Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, especially during the first few weeks of growth. Afterward, the plant is relatively drought-tolerant but will benefit from regular watering during dry spells.
4. Pruning: Pinch back the stems to encourage bushier growth and prevent the plant from becoming leggy.
5. Fertilization: Feed the plant with a balanced, organic fertilizer in the spring to promote healthy growth.
6. Pest and disease control: Pennyroyal is generally pest- and disease-resistant. However, it can be susceptible to mint rust and spider mites. Use organic pest control methods if necessary.
7. Harvesting: The leaves can be harvested for use in fresh or dried forms. For the best flavor and aroma, pick the leaves before the plant starts to flower, typically in late spring to early summer.

Warning: Pennyroyal has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes, but it contains a toxic compound called pulegone. Ingesting large amounts of pennyroyal can lead to serious health issues, including liver damage and even death. It should not be used internally by humans, especially during pregnancy, as it can cause uterine contractions. It's important to use the herb with caution and consult with a healthcare professional before using it medicinally.

Summary.

Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is a mint herb native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East and has a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations. Its strong scent was revered by the Romans for its religious ceremonies. Sow Pennyroyal seeds in early Spring, either directly in the ground or in containers using free-draining gritty compost. The seeds should be sowed about 1/8 inch (0.3 cm) deep. When seedlings are well developed and easily handled, transplant about 12 inches (30 cm) apart. Pennyroyal can also be propagated through division of established plants or from cuttings taken in the spring or summer.

Do not use for medicinal purpose without expert medical advice.