Russian Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)

Sowing.

Russian tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) is a perennial herb native to Asia and Eastern Europe. It has a long history of cultivation, primarily for its culinary and medicinal purposes. The plant is closely related to French Tarragon, but it has a milder taste and is more robust and easier to grow. Russian Tarragon thrives in cool, moist conditions. Sow seeds indoors 2 to 5 weeks before the last frost. In any case, sow seeds in raked earth or seed compost about 1/16th deep and ensure the soil is warm and well-draining. Russian Tarragon seeds germinate in 7 to 14 days, and seedlings are ready to transplant after 4 weeks.

Further information.

Russian tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) is a perennial herb native to Asia and Eastern Europe. It has a long history of cultivation, primarily for its culinary and medicinal purposes. The plant is closely related to French tarragon, but it has a milder taste and is more robust and easier to grow. Here's an overview of the history, cultivation, and uses of Russian tarragon:

**History of Russian Tarragon Plant Cultivation:**
Russian tarragon has been cultivated for over 2,000 years. It was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for its aromatic qualities and health benefits. The herb was introduced to Europe in the Middle Ages, where it became popular for its flavor in cooking and its use in traditional medicine. The Russians have used tarragon as a seasoning for a variety of dishes, especially in soups and sauces. It was also used as a preservative for meats and fish.

**How to Sow and Grow Russian Tarragon:**
1. **Propagation:** Russian tarragon is usually propagated by dividing the root system of an established plant. It can also be grown from seeds, but the process can be challenging since it may take up to a year for the plant to mature enough to produce the characteristic flavor.

2. **Soil and Planting:** The herb prefers well-draining soil with a pH of 6.5-7.5. Plant seeds or divisions in the spring, spacing them about 12-18 inches apart. Seeds should be sown 1/8 inch deep and kept moist until germination, which typically occurs within 10-15 days.

3. **Sunlight and Temperature:** Russian tarragon grows best in full sun to partial shade. It is hardy in USDA zones 3-8 and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, from cold winters to hot summers.

4. **Watering:** Water the plants regularly, especially during the first year of growth, to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Once established, the plant is relatively drought-tolerant.

5. **Fertilizing:** Russian tarragon does not require much fertilization. In fact, too much nitrogen can cause the plant to become leggy and reduce the intensity of its flavor. A light application of compost in the spring is usually sufficient.

6. **Pruning and Maintenance:** Regular pruning is important to maintain the plant's shape and encourage bushy growth. Cut back the stems to about 6 inches in the spring before new growth appears. Divide the plant every few years to prevent it from becoming too crowded and to maintain its vigor.

7. **Pest and Disease Control:** The plant is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, it can be susceptible to root rot if the soil is too wet. Keep an eye out for aphids and spider mites, which can be controlled with a strong spray of water or insecticidal soap.

**Uses of Russian Tarragon:**
- **Culinary:** The leaves of Russian tarragon have a mild anise flavor and are used in a variety of dishes, including salads, soups, stews, sauces, and vinegars. It is a common ingredient in Russian cuisine, particularly in fish dishes and pickling recipes. It can be used as a substitute for French tarragon, but it is less intense and should be used more sparingly.
- **Medicinal:** Historically, Russian tarragon has been used to treat digestive issues, such as indigestion and colic. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is sometimes used in teas or tinctures for these purposes.
- **Ornamental:** The plant's fine, feathery foliage makes it an attractive addition to herb gardens and borders. It can also be used in bouquets and as a dried herb in potpourri.
- **Companion Planting:** Russian tarragon is known to repel pests such as ants and moths when planted near other plants. It is also a good companion for vegetables like tomatoes and eggplants, which can benefit from its pest-deterrent qualities.

When using Russian tarragon in cooking, it is essential to note that it should be added at the end of the cooking process, as heat can diminish its flavor. Fresh leaves are preferred, but dried leaves can be used as a substitute. The plant's flavor pairs well with chicken, fish, and vegetables, particularly those with a hint of sourness like tomatoes or cucumbers. It is also a key ingredient in the popular Russian condiment known as tarragon vinegar.